A new species of halfbeak, Hyporhamphus naos (Beloniformes: Hemiramphidae), from the tropical eastern Pacific

The tropical eastern Pacific halfbeak previously considered conspecific with the western Atlantic Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1842) is described as a new species, H. naos. It resembles H. meeki from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States in number of gill rakers on the first arch (usually 32-36, mean 33.6), more than in H. unifasciatus (usually 29-32, mean 30.6), but fewer than in other sympatric species of eastern Pacific Hyporhamphus. Results of a three-treatment ANCOVA (H. naos, H. meeki, and H. unifasciatus) show significant differences in slopes and means for all 14 morphometric characters examined, 9 of 14 characters comparing H. naos with H. unifasciatus, and 7 of 14 comparing H. naos with H. meeki. Protein electrophoretic patterns clearly distinguish all three species with a number of fixed allelic differences.

Status of the eastern Pacific agujon needlefish Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) (Beloniformes: Belonidae)

Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) is confirmed to have full species rank based on: 1) sympatry with T. acus melanotus at Isla Gorgona and in Panamá; 2) level of morphological differentiation in numbers of vertebrae, dorsal and anal fin rays; and 3) level of mtDNA differentiation. The eastern Pacific agujon needlefish is found from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Peru, including the Galápagos Islands.